Lacawac Hiking Trails
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Picture

There are places on Earth that are so hot that rocks melt to form magma. Because magma is liquid and usually less dense than surrounding solid rock, it moves upward to cooler regions of the Earth. As the magma loses heat, it cools and crystallizes into an igneous rock. Magma can cool on the Earth's surface, where it has erupted from a volcano (extrusive rock) or under the Earth's surface, where it has intruded older rocks (intrusive rock).


The composition of magma is limited to the eight common elements of the earth's crust. These elements combine within a melt to form silicate minerals, the most common minerals of igneous rocks. These silicate minerals include feldspars (plagioclase feldspar, potassium feldspar), quartz, micas (muscovite, biotite), pyroxenes (augite), amphiboles (hornblende), and olivine. These minerals make up over 95% of the volume of the common igneous rocks, making igneous rocks easy to identify.

The picture below displays some common intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.


Picture

Minerals
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Identification

Location

About lacawac sanctuary

Lacawac Sanctuary Field Station and Environmental Education Center is an independent, non-profit, environmental education organization located on the shore of Lake Wallenp​aupack in the Northern Poconos.  We operate solely on program fees, memberships, sponsorships, grants and private donations from people like you

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  • Home
  • About
    • Sources
    • Contact Us
  • Maurice Broun Trail
    • Fields & Meadows
    • Stone Walls
    • Gypsy Moth Caterpillars
    • Oak Trees >
      • White Oak
      • Red Oak
      • Black Oak
    • Raccoons
    • Owls
    • Snakes >
      • Snake ID
    • Bats >
      • Bat Houses
  • Lake Lacawac Trail
    • White Pine
    • Eastern Hemlock
    • Bog Plants >
      • Sphagnum Moss
      • Blueberry Bushes
      • Pickerelweed
    • Lake Lacawac
    • Glacial Bog
    • Diversity of Birds
    • Glacial Erratic Rock
    • American Black Bear >
      • Diet
      • Population
      • Reproduction
  • Big Lake Trail
    • Food Web
    • North American Beaver
    • Osprey
    • Watershed
    • Japanese Barberry >
      • Characteristics
      • Threat to Forest
      • Control Methods
    • Minerals & Rocks >
      • Minerals
      • Igneous Rocks
      • Sedimentary Rocks
      • Metamorphic Rocks
      • Identification
    • Sugar Maple
    • Streams
    • Hydroelectric Dam
    • Lake Wallenpaupack >
      • Electricity Generation
      • Recreation
      • Watershed Management
    • Wild Grapevines
    • Hayscented Fern
  • Carriage-Lakefront Trails
    • Phytoplankton
    • Harmful Algal Blooms
    • Riparian Zones
    • Bioindicators
    • Lake Macroinvertebrates
    • Lake Succession >
      • Oligotrophic Lake
      • Mesotrophic Lake
      • Eutrophic Lake
    • Lake Formation
    • Amphibians
    • Native Fish
    • Lake Research
    • Aquatic Plants
    • Zooplankton
    • Stratification
    • Lake Hydrology
    • Lake Chemistry
    • Monitoring for Preservation
    • Local Research with Global Implications
  • Historic Great Camp Trail
    • Connell Park
    • Sustainable Forestry
    • Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
    • Early Years
    • Field Station
  • Ledges Trail
    • Deer Exclosures
    • Geological Faults >
      • Normal Fault
      • Reverse Fault
      • Strike-slip Fault
    • Wild Orchids
    • Ledges
    • Ferns
    • Mosses & Lichen
    • Vernal Pools
    • Mushrooms
  • Watres Trail
    • Edge Effect
    • Hummocks and Hollows
  • Visitors Center
    • Native Plant Garden >
      • Golden Alexander
      • Black-Eyed Susan
      • Striped Cream Violet
      • Scarlet Beebalm
      • Blazing Star
      • Blue Moon
      • Blue Flag Iris
      • Tickseed
      • Coneflower
      • Butterfly Weed
      • Jerusalem Artichoke
      • Monkshood
      • Joe-Pye Weed
      • Mayapple
      • Blue Wood Sedge
      • Little Blue Stem
    • Bees
    • Weather Station
  • Partner Ridge Trail
  • Warbler Trail