Lacawac Hiking Trails
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Picture

The eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is a coniferous tree native to eastern North America. It is the state tree of Pennsylvania for its historic use in tanning hides in the leather industry. Thick hemlock cover provides habitat for various birds including magnolia, blackburnian and black-throated green warblers, purple finch, red-breasted nuthatch and saw-whet owls.
Picture
Red-breasted nuthatch
Picture
Black-throated green warbler

Grouse and turkey use the hemlock for roosts and winter cover. The conifer provides a protected wintering area for the whitetail deer herd by reducing the snow pack and providing thermal cover from the coldest temperatures and wind chills.




Picture
 Normally, hemlock seedlings/saplings would provide a suitable winter food supply (foliage, twigs, and seeds) but most of these have been eliminated by a nonnative invasive species known as the hemlock wooly adelgid, leaving less food for deer and less cover for birds and small mammals.

Click the link below to learn more about the hemlock wooly adelgid, and the threat it poses to the eastern hemlock.





Wooly Adelgid
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  • Home
  • About
    • Sources
    • Contact Us
  • Visitors Center
    • Native Plant Garden
    • Bees
    • Weather Station
  • Historic Great Camp Trail
    • Connell Park
    • Sustainable Forestry
    • Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
    • Early Years
    • Field Station
  • Lake Lacawac Trail
    • White Pine
    • Eastern Hemlock
    • Sphagnum Moss
    • Blueberry Bushes
    • Bog Plants
    • Lake Lacawac
    • Glacial Bog
    • Pickerelweed
    • Diversity of Birds
    • Glacial Erratic Rock
    • American Black Bear >
      • Diet
      • Population
      • Reproduction
  • Big Lake Trail
    • Food Web
    • North American Beaver
    • Osprey
    • Watershed
    • Japanese Barberry >
      • Characteristics
      • Threat to Forest
      • Control Methods
    • Minerals & Rocks >
      • Minerals
      • Igneous Rocks
      • Sedimentary Rocks
      • Metamorphic Rocks
      • Identification
    • Sugar Maple
    • Streams
    • Hydroelectric Dam
    • Lake Wallenpaupack >
      • Electricity Generation
      • Recreation
      • Watershed Management
    • Wild Grapevines
    • Hayscented Fern
  • Maurice Broun Trail
    • Fields & Meadows
    • Stone Walls
    • Gypsy Moth Caterpillars
    • Oak Trees >
      • White Oak
      • Red Oak
      • Black Oak
    • Raccoons
    • Owls
    • Snakes >
      • Snake ID
    • Bats >
      • Bat Houses
  • Ledges Trail
    • Deer Exclosures
    • Geological Faults >
      • Normal Fault
      • Reverse Fault
      • Strike-slip Fault
    • Wild Orchids
    • Ledges
    • Ferns
    • Mosses & Lichen
    • Vernal Pools
    • Mushrooms
  • Warbler Trail
  • Partner Ridge Trail
  • Watres Trail
    • Edge Effect
    • Hummocks and Hollows
  • Carriage-Lakefront Trails
    • Native Fish
    • Lake Research
    • Aquatic Vegatation
    • Plankton
    • Lake Succession >
      • Oligotrophic Lake
      • Mesotrophic Lake
      • Eutrophic Lake